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Based on candidates’ SOCEs, former senator Paolo Benigno “Bam” Aquino IV, who ran under the opposition Liberal Party, had the biggest social media spending during the 2019 polls. He was followed by Duterte’s long-time aide Sen. Christopher Lawrence “Bong” Go, who spent P5.57 million solely on Facebook during the official 90-day campaign period.
Vice President and Presidential candidate Leni Robredo is the top spender of Facebook ads from August to December 2021, followed by re-electionist Senator Sherwin Gatchalian and presidential candidate Senator Ping Lacson.
The campaign period, which began on Feb. 8, saw the banning of reporters in campaign events, refusal by candidates to attend media-hosted debates, a spate of distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks on news websites, and online hostility against news organizations and reporters.