Source of basic data: Election Records and Statistics Division, Commission on Elections (Comelec ERSD does not have undervoting data from 2013 and 2010.) Notes: An undervote for party-list means no oval was shaded in the ballot, while an overvote means more than one oval were shaded. Three provinces were not included in the 2019 files provided by Comelec to PCIJ. The data above do include votes cast overseas. Photograph: PCIJ